Introduction

In recent years, American politics has become increasingly defined by political extremism, where ideological divisions run deep, and cooperation across party lines seems more elusive than ever. Polarization in the U.S. has reached levels not seen in decades - according to a 2020 Pew Research Center study, 77% of Americans say that the country is more divided than in the past. This growing gulf between the two major parties has resulted in legislative gridlock. 

This paper will explore the roots of political polarization, including historical, cultural, and institutional factors, and argue that the current electoral system plays a central role in fostering extreme partisanship. (introduction continued)